źÿ ֹ ÷ ռ
1.
е ũ ݼ ֹ ü źȭҿ Ȱǰ ռϴµ ʼ (C2=), (C3=) ÷ ִ.
ڿ Ǿ ̿Ž, ź, õ ü ִ ź κ ü źȭҿ ÷ ϴ ʿϰ Ǿ.
ü ź ź(MeOH) ϴ Ƿ źÿ źȭҸ ռϴ MTH(methanol to hydrocarbon) 캸, öƮ ˸ſ (cavity) ũ ü ˸ ȰϿ ġ 캻.
2. źÿ ֹ(MTG)
ZSM-5 öƮ ռ 1970뿡 Mobil H-ZSM-5 ˸ŷ Ͽ źÿ ֹ ϴ MTG(methanol to gasoline) ߵǾ, 1973 1979 1, 2 ϼũ MTG ޱ Ͽ.
ó ߵ ⸦ Ͽ ⸦ ϸ鼭 µ , ˸ Ź ̰ Ǿ 4 bpd(barrels per day; 1 barrel=159 L) ù , 1980 ʿ 100 bpd ù Ͽ ǼϿ.
1985 Mobil ο õκ ź ֹ ϴ 14,500 bpd Ը MTG ǼϿ ã鼭 1990 ߹ݿ ź 常 Ǿ. ֱ Կ ռῡ ϰ ִ.
MTG ź ˷̳ ˸ſ ŻϿ ƿ(DME) ȯŲ , ȥչ H-ZSM-5 ˸ſ ֹ ȯϴ ռ ƿⰡ ġȯ (C5+) ÷, ȭźȭ, , C1~C11 ü 80% ̴̻.
ռ(CO + H2) ź ռϰ, ̸ иϿ DME ֹ ϴ ̵ и ʰ ȯŰ TIGAS(Topse integrated gasoline synthesis) Haldor Topse ߵǾ.
MTG з(ӵ ȿ) ߰, µ(κ ȿ) ̸ ÷ɿ ü Ѵ. ̸ ȰϿ ÷ (oligomerization) ֹ MOGD (Mobil olefins to gasoline and distilate) ִ.
ֱ Կ ռ ῡ Ȱϰ ǰ ִ. ߱ 100 kt/y Ը MTG ù shanxi(ߣ) ǰ , CAC Chemnitz STF (syngas to fuels via methanol) , ̱ TIGAS Ž ȭ ǥǰ ִ.
3. źÿ ÷(MTO)
źÿ źȭҸ ռ Union Carbide( UOP) ߰ H-SAPO-34 ˸ŷ ϸ ÷ ü Ѵ.
̰ 8-(ring) ο Բ 12- (cavity) CHA*1) Ư¡ ߿ ϳ̸, ÷(C2=, C3=) ü 80% ȸѴ.
*1) CHA: öƮȸ(IZA) öƮ 繰 ̸(FTC, Framework Type Code) CHA, MFI, AFI, MEL, BEA 200 ִ.
H-SAPO-34 MFI H-ZSM-5 źħ(coking) ް Ͼ Ͽ Ѵ. 1990 UOP Norsk Hydro( INEOS) µ ⸦ Ͽ UOP/INEOS MTO ϰ, Total Petrochemical UOP ÷ ˺ذ(OCP, olefin cracking process) 2009 Ը ġǾ ź 10 t/d Ը ǰ , 2011 ߱ ¡() 295 kt/y Ը Ǽ ǥǾ.
DICP(Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics) H-SAPO-34 ˸ŷ Ͽ C4+ ÷ ȯϴ Ϳ ÷ (C2=, C3=) 꼺 Ų DMTO 2010 ٿ( .) 600 kt/y Ը Ͽ.
UOP/Hydro DICP źÿ źȭҸ ռϴ ī Է ſ H-ZSM-5 ϰ, C2/C4+ ȯ Ŵν شȭ MTP(methanol to propene) Ͽ 500 kt/y, λ깰 ֹ 185 kt/y ϴ 2010 ߱ ϱ Ͽ.
4. MTH ˸ſ Ŀ
MTO H-SAPO-34, MTG H-ZSM-5 ϰ ־ MTH ϴ ˸Ŵ ̴. پ ˸ŵ鿡 ġ鼭 Ŀ ϰ Ǿ.
MTH öƮ ˸ſ ü Ա ũ ο ؼ Ǵ ü ϴ. 8-, 10-, 12-(Ա ũ: 뷫 4, 5.5 7) Ѵ. H-SAPO-34(CHA) 8-, ZSM-5(MFI) 10-, öƮ beta(BEA) 12- ִ. ü ǹǷ ũ ΰ (cavity) ũ ü Ȱϵ ٸ δ.
MTH Ŀ ˸ 迡 ſ ߿ϴ. ӵ, , ߰ü мϴ Բ H/D ȯ ̳ 13C-MeOH ϴ ǥ, ù, NMR, IR б ̷ ȴ.
MTH ü ˸Ź Ÿ, ˸ſ C-C źȭҰ Ű ӵ Ⱓ ʿ ¿ C1 C-C ȭϴ ִ.
MTH ƿȭ/ع Ͼ õǾ, ̾ ź ƿȭ (CH2)n źȭ (HCP, hydrocarbon-pool) ٰ ÷̳ źȭҷ صǴ HCP Ŀ ȵǾ. H-SAPO-34 ˸ſ Ǵ 翣 źð Ű źȭҷ(arenes) Բ Ǵ κ ƿ(MBz) HCP ֿ ˰ Ǿ.
ü NMRκ H-ZSM-5 ˸Ÿ ϴ MTH ƿ ġȯ cyclopentenyl ̿ ߿ϸ, H-beta hepta-MBz+ ̿ ֿ ߰ü Ǹ鼭 ƿ(MBz) 缺ڰ ÷ MBz+ ̿µ MTH ϴ ߰ü ȵǾ.
Ŀ ¦(pairing) 簡(side-chain) ƿȭ õǾ. ¦ ź hexa-MBz ƿ ȭ Ͼ, cyclopentenyl ̿ ȯǸ鼭 (C3=) ڸű tetra-MBz ƿȭ Ͼ Ѵ. 簡 ƿȭ hepta-MBz+ ° ƿ 簡 ƿȭ Ͼ (C2=) ڸ ƿȭ Ͼ鼭 ϴ ̴.
ź źҰ 12C/13C ϸ鼭 13C Է , H-ZSM-5 ˸ſ H-beta H-SAPO-34 penta-MBz̳ hexa-MBz . ̷κ ƿ ȭ Ϸ̳ tri-MBz ߰ü ۿϿ (C2=) ϴ -I MBz θ ġ ʰ C3+ ˿ ƿȭ Ͼ صǾ Ǵ ū ϴ -II Ŭ(dual cycle) Ŀ ϴٴ ȵ . ⼭ C3+ ƿȭ/ ū ˵ ȭ MBz -I ȴ.
Ŭ Ŀ ˸ ȭ ߰ü MBz ʵ ϰ ü ִ. , 10- θ ִ H-ZSM-22(TON) Ǿ C2= Ͽ C3= ξ Ǹ, C5+ ˵ ȴ.
̷ 꿡 MTH Ȱȭ κ ӵ ܰ踦 ϰų Ŀ θ ϴµ ִ. , ONIOM ٹ H-ZSM-5 MBz 簡 ƿȭ Ȱȭ 200 kJmol-1μ ӵ ܰ迡 ƴٴ , C3+ (90~120 kJmol-1) ̰ ־ η Ͼ ִ. ֱ DFT H-SAPO-34 MTH tri-MBz ƿȭ hexa-MBz 30 kJmole-1 Ƿ ƿȭ ִ.
5. ˸ Ȱ
MTH ð Ȱϸ ȯ ð ϴٰ ް ϴ (delayed breakthrough) ̸, ˸Ȱ ϴ Ȱ ū ˸Ű ްϰ, Ȱ ϸ ȭ δ. ź ź ̸, ȣȯ ȰϿ ū ġ ʴ´.
MTH MBz źȭҴ üμ ۿϰ , Ǵ ̷ źȭҵ MTH Ȱ ȭ ȴ.
ȭչ Ǵ Ȯ ̼ʱⰡ ΰ ġȯ ¦ Ǵ ȵǾ. źð hexa-MBz H-beta 鼭 Ű hepta-MBz źҼ dihydrotrimethylnaphthalene Ǵ ź , hepta-MBz+ ̿ ߰ üӰ ÿ źħ ߰ü ִ.
MTH H-SAPO-34 H-ZSM-5 Ͽ Ȱϸ δ. H-ZSM-5 鼭 10- ΰ ִ ̰, H-SAPO-34 8- ο Բ 12- ־ ڴ ȭչ DZ ̴.
ũⰡ ٸ öƮ鿡 Ȱ ϴ IM-5(IMF) > TNU-9(TUN) ZSM-11(MEL) > ZSM-5(MFI) ũⰡ Ŭ Ȱϰ Ͼ. 8- θ 鼭 ũ⸸ ٸ H-SAPO-34(CHA), UZM-9 (LTA), UZM-12(ERI), UZM-5(UFI) ʱ ˸Ȱ ϳ ȭչ Ǵ UFI, ERI, LTA Ȱϰ ſ .
MTH ˸ Ⱑ ũ Ȱϰ Ͼ. H-SSZ-13 H-SAPO-34 CHA Si/Al H-SSZ-13 Al/P/Si H-SAPO-34 Ͽ Ⱑ ũ. 300~450ɿ MTO , ˸ ̳ Ⱑ ū H-SSZ-13 ˸Ŵ µ ū Ȱ ̸鼭 Ȱϰ Ͼ.
H-ZSM-5(MFI) MTH ˸ ȰϿ ũ ȭ ʴ´. ̰ Ȱϴ Ȱ ҵǴ ̰, θ ϴ ƴ Ѵ. H-SAPO-34 MTO ˸ ȰϿ Բ C2=/ C3= ȭѴ. ̴ ߰ü ġ ̴. Ȱϴ MFI ܺο źħ ֿ̰, CHA ο źħ ߿ ̴.
6. ˸ ߰ ˸
MTH ü Բ Ȱ ߰ Bronsted ʿϴ. öƮ ϴ Ƕ ⸦ OH ˸ ź ħ ϸ, ܼ Ʈ ̿Ͽ ϰ ִ.
Ի˷̴ ܼ Ʈ OH 꼺 ֺ 3800~3600cm-1 Ÿ. öƮ ܺο ִ Ƕ (Si-OH) 3745cm-1, ο ִ Si-OH 3726 3700cm-1 Ÿ, 꼺 ͵̴. 꼺 ִ Si(OH)Al 3616~3605cm-1 Ÿ, Al ݿ OH 3665cm-1 Ÿ.
ֱ H-ZSM-5 źħ 굵 SiOH Ͼٴ ̷ο ǥǾ. öƮ SiO4 ü 罽 κп SiOH ϰ Ǹ, ο ڰԿ Ͽ SiOH ִ.
ٸ H-ZSM-5 ˸ſ ϸϾ ¿ Ż (TPD) ˸Ȱ 迡 Ȱ . Ȱϴ 꼺 SiOH ũ ¿Ǹ, ܺ SiOH IR (I3726/I3745) 谡 ǥǾ.
öƮ ˸Ź ü οϴ ߿ 鿡 ǥ鿡 Ȯ 쿡 ȿ ſ ִ. ̷ ذϱ Ͽ ̼Ҽ Բ ߰(mesopore) ִ öƮ ǰ ִ.
߰ öƮ δ H-ZSM-5 ̸ ߰ ϴ ó H-ZSM-5 Ǵ Į Ͽ Ϻθ 쿩 ǰ ִ. NaOH ó Ǹī (desilication)ϴ ˸Ź Al ״ , ó ַ Al Ǿ ȭ ־ Ǹ ī δ. ⼭ ڰ Ͽ Ѵ. 7. ź ̿
MTH ź ̿ź Ȱ뵵 ǰ ִ. ź MTH ƿⰡ ġȯ ڵ ο ξ Ѵ. ź öƮ ˸Ÿ Ͽ Ƿ MTO ź ü ʿ伺 ſ .
õ ̿Ž ִ ź ռ ź ռ ϴ ſ MeCl, MeBr ȭ Ű ǰ ִ. H-SAPO-34 ϳ ӵ źú (1/25), Ǵ HCl Al-O-P Al-Cl, P-OH ؽų ִ. , ҷΰ ̻ ȭչ Ͽ Ȱϰ Ÿ ʿϴ.
ó : Unni Olsbye, Stian Svelle, Morten Bjrgen, Pablo Beato, Ton V. W. Janssens, Finn Joensen, Silvia Bordiga, and Karl Petter Lillerud, "Conversion of Methanol to Hydrocarbons: How Zeolite Cavity and Pore Size Controls Product Selectivity", Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 51, 2012, pp.5810~5831
. .
ڿ Ѱ輺 ̿Ž, ź, õ ü Ȱϴ. ֹ ۿ ü Է ũ ݼ ſ ũ, ϻȰ ϰ ǰ ִ ȭǰ鵵 ٸ üϴ ð ʿϴ. ü ź ź ռ ߵ Ƿ ̷κ ǰ ǰ ִ.
źÿ ֹ ϴ MTG(methanol to gasoline) 1970뿡 ߵǾ ϴ Ͽ Ҵ. 1990뿡 źÿ , ÷ ϴ MTO(methanol to olefin) ߵǾ. ֱٿ µʿ MTG, MTO źÿ źȭҸ ռϴ (MTH, methanol to hydrocarbon) ߿ϰ Ǿ.
MTH öƮ Ư¡ ü ̿ϰ . MTG H-ZSM-5(MFI) öƮ ǰ MTO H-SAPO-34(CHA) Ǹ, ݱ , ũ ü ˸ (Ȱ) ϴ Ư ˸ ̴.
MTH ڿ Ѱ輺 ߿ ũ ʾ 麸ٴ п ʿ Ȱϴ. ߿Ͽ ֱٿ DZ ߰(mesopore) ÿ ZSM-5 öƮ ռ ռ ǥǰ ִ.